Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-1 (of 1 Records) |
Query Trace: Sweeney EM[original query] |
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Increased susceptibility to vaginal SHIV transmission in pigtail macaques coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis
Henning T , Butler K , Hanson D , Sturdevant G , Ellis S , Sweeney EM , Mitchell J , Deyounks F , Phillips C , Farshy C , Fakile Y , Papp J , Secor WE , Caldwell H , Patton D , McNicholl J , Kersh E . J Infect Dis 2014 210 (8) 1239-47 BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with increased HIV infection risk, but their biological effect on HIV susceptibility is not fully understood. METHODS: Female pigtail macaques, inoculated with C. trachomatis and T. vaginalis (n=9) or media (controls, n=7), were repeatedly intravaginally challenged with SHIVSF162p3. Virus levels were evaluated by real-time PCR, plasma and genital cytokine levels by Luminex assays, and STI clinical signs by colposcopy. RESULTS: SHIV susceptibility was enhanced in STI-positive macaques (p=0.04, log rank; 2.5-times as high relative risk of infection, 95% CI 1.1, 5.6). All STI-positive macaques were SHIV-infected, while n=3 (43%) of controls remained uninfected. Moreover, relative to non-STI, infections occurred earlier in the menstrual cycle in STI-positive macaques (p=0.01, Wilcoxon). Inflammatory cytokines were higher in STI-positive macaques during STI inoculation (IFN-gamma, IL-6, and G-CSF) and SHIV exposure periods (G-CSF) (p≤0.05, Wilcoxon). CONCLUSIONS: C. trachomatis and T. vaginalis increase susceptibility to SHIV, likely due to prolonged genital tract inflammation. These novel data demonstrate a biological link between these non-ulcerative STIs and (S)HIV risk, supporting epidemiological observations. This study establishes a macaque model for high-risk HIV transmission and prevention studies. |
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